明弘治朝的彩瓷基本是成化風(fēng)格的延續(xù),其中最有特色的品種是刻花填彩。刻花填彩的制作方法是在胎上先刻出所需圖案紋樣,上透明釉時將刻好的圖案留出,將其用高溫?zé)珊笤僭诎子月短サ拇善魃鲜┎什⒂玫蜏責(zé)炯纯?。臺北故宮博物院所藏明弘治款五彩云龍紋盤便是典型一例,龍紋在釉下胎上刻成,釉上用孔雀綠、礬紅、黃等色彩繪,它標(biāo)志著釉上五彩的制作已進(jìn)入成熟時期。臺北故宮博物院所藏的另一件黃地綠彩器嬌黃地堆花綠彩趕珠龍高足碗,侈口窄唇,深碗壁,高圈足;碗外壁堆飾雙龍戲珠,間飾云紋;內(nèi)壁光潔無飾,薄胎黃釉,花紋以綠彩填飾。碗心有“弘治年制”四字篆書款,加填綠彩。這些白地綠彩、黃地綠彩為弘治時最主要的品種。 明正德時燒造的彩瓷,其造型、裝飾除繼承前代傳統(tǒng)外,還在創(chuàng)新中確立了正德朝獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格。正德五彩是在白釉器上直接另繪五彩紋飾,這種工藝,采用較廣。正德白釉五彩器制作精細(xì),使用較多的是紅、綠、黃三彩,綠色多為翠綠和孔雀綠,綠色淺且閃黃。有些器物重用黃綠彩,紅彩做點(diǎn)綴,或以套色來烘托紋飾,增加裝飾畫面生動活潑之感。
正德五彩瓷的裝飾,除傳統(tǒng)的花鳥和穿花龍、翼龍紋飾外,還以阿拉伯文或伊斯蘭圖案為紋樣作裝飾,成為正德五彩瓷又一鮮明特征。
折疊嘉靖、萬歷時期的五彩瓷
明代五彩瓷器經(jīng)過數(shù)朝的發(fā)展,到嘉靖、萬歷時已是相當(dāng)成熟,質(zhì)量和數(shù)量蔚然可觀,開創(chuàng)了五彩瓷制作的新局面,在陶瓷史上做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)。
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